Leading Public Organizations - Public Administration Essay

Leading Public Organizations - Public Administration - Essay Example In addition, they may differ in their abilities to cope up with the unforeseen situations. This holds even more relevant for public administration in organizations. Hence, it requires a coordinating function to deal them effectively so that the out put production would be maximum in any firm. Among all the role players in public administration, leader is very significant one who initiates the process of thinking towards new ideas or innovations and accordingly fixes the responsibilities of various employees in different sections (Hickman, 2009). He also makes them aware about the objectives and goals of the organization and gives them timely targets. The main challenge for a leader in an organization is to manage the communication process to different individuals or groups of individuals who have diverse nature. At the same time, conflict management and ethical decision making also become very complex when leader initiates the process of dealing the individuals or groups of diverse n ature. Let us analyze them one by one. Communication process is one of the most important factors that decides the success of any public organization with employees of diverse nature (Ivancevich, 2009). Leadership in public sector faces a big challenge in the form of large size of groups of individuals of diverse nature and hence their employee coordination is a tough task. The individuals or groups of individuals differ significantly in their critical thinking nature and perception about the decisions of the organization and hence clarity in communication is must for the higher coherence among the employees and the leaders may concentrate on easy way of dissemination of information using the latest technology. The employees must feel that they are integral part of the organization for getting optimum results, this can happen only when they are informed about the objectives and work plan of the organization. If a leader uses any single mode of communication, the employees may not be able to perceive it in same manner. Hence it is necessary to identify the right mode and time of communication process according to the nature of the individuals or groups. The effective communication process once implemented in public administration in organizations with special emphasis on crisis management communication, there is a vast scope for critical thinking and skill development among the employees of diverse nature (Shockley-Zalabak, 2005). There are different ways of communication process that can be well utilized to inform about the present status and future requirements of the organization. The advent of information technology is of immense help in dissemination of information to the employees of different tiers. In some studies, it was found that the use of a Computer-mediated Communication (CMC) system in-group conflict management has become a reasonable success (Hampden-Turner, Charles and Fons Trompenaars. 2000). The group working relations coding system (GWRCS) w as found to be useful to examine group interaction patterns that characterize the conflict management process. It was also noticed that an intellective task conflict can be well managed by a high confrontiveness where as cognitive task conflict requires a moderate confrontiveness strategy. Similarly, effective team building also promotes the communication pro

Of Mice and Men English language Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men English language Essay Many of the characters in of Mice and Men are lonely and some have dreams to sustain them. Write about 2-3 of them and explain why we feel sympathetic toward them. The book of Mice and Men was written by an American writer called John Steinbeck. He was born in Salinas, California and wrote this book from the theme The Great Depression. The title of this book got its name from a Scottish poet Rabbi Burns in one of his poems called To a Mouse; which means most plans from man or animal dont work out in the end. When I say the Great Depression, this was a significant world event which started on 29 October 1929, this day was-from then on-nicknamed black Tuesday because on that very same day the stock markets crashed, which meant that the money in there lost its value. Due to this, 9 million banks closed, which meant that about 86,000 businesses failed; for 2 reasons: firstly the businesses didnt have the money to keep them going. Secondly people didnt have the money to buy the things the businesses were selling. Because businesses closed, unemployment rate increased, in 1929, the percentage of unemployment was 3%. However in 1934, the unemployment rate was 26%+. This shows that there was a big rise for people losing jobs. By saying this, you must be honoured to keep your job (most people lost their jobs), although if your job was secure, your wages would decrease by approximately 60%, if you walked out on that job, it would be hard for you to find another job, the employer wouldnt have to worry much since there were lines of people queuing up for jobs. At 1 point, estimates say 34 million people had no income at all, thus meant that people lived in shanty towns. This not only was in the small cities, but developed in the major states such as New York and Washington D.C. People nicknamed these shanty towns as Hoovervilles, because it was nicknamed after the American president at that time, Herbert Hoover. So how would this recession affect people? Some people couldnt cope with it so they committed suicide. Marriages broke down due to the financial pressure. People became itinery/migrant workers. This means travelling round the country looking for work, if they did find work, it would be short term, unskilled, insecure and labouring. Most jobs were in California (farming area), 1000s of families lost their homes due to failing to pay mortgages, so people had to live in shanty towns. So soup kitchens were set up, and there would be queues of 1000s (maybe more) of mixtures of people in dirty clothes to people in business suits. If these people were moving around they wouldnt be able to stay with their families/friends. Because of this, people got lonely because they were looking for jobs, so they wouldnt have any time for relationships, and as George says: we ask no questions on the ranch which means that you keep your self to yourself. No-one knows who you are or where youve come from, or what theyre planning to do next. If you knew these things about a specific person (or any person), they would tell you off for nosing around. All of the things I have mentioned all come in the theme of the Great Depression, which is the thing behind the story that John Steinbeck is trying to tell. For example, most characters in of Mice and Men were migrant workers and before Lennie and George came to the ranch in Soledad. Candy tells Lennie about a blacksmith called Whitey, who came, got his money and left, why he just quit, just wanted to move, didnt give no other reason but the food just say gimme my time, the way any guy would. Although George and Lennie travel around together, it would have been highly unusual for this to happen in a time like this, most men travelled alone. We see this in the novel like Slim, Crooks, and Candy, but I must say it is highly unusual that men travel around together, Slim says this in section 2. This novel is set in California, which is situated in the southern state of the USA. If you were working in a place where Lennie and George were working- your friends and family is miles- maybe further- away. Your only alternative is to make friends otherwise you are walking a lonely road. Also a thing that you would have to take into consideration is the size of the place, the place that they (Lennie and George) were working was on a ranch. A ranch is the equivalent for a farm in England, but however, a ranch is much bigger than a farm that we refer to in England. The distance, as Ive mentioned is pretty far- not to mention being cut off from your family and friends, theyd have to walk miles to the ranch, otherwise youd have to hitch a ride from a passing truck. From the way they live that I learned from chapter 2, firstly I learn that they are violent, I know this from when they let crooks- the black person- come into the bunk house for Christmas, sounds nice doesnt it? Letting the black man come into the bunk house on this festive occasion, but from what I learn they only let him in to batter him black and blue! And enjoy it! Yes sir, we had fun. They let the nigger come in that night. Little skinner the name of smitty took after the nigger. I personally think that its horrible, but its true. Secondly I learn that they have very little privacy and basic living condition. For example, they have straws for mattresses and apple crates for bedside desks. They have little comfort- like the bunk house isnt well presented, no paint on the walls, crates for chairs table in the middle and a deck of cards for daily entertainment, nothing compared to the entertainment that we have today, like PS3s and Xbox 360s etc. also, anonymity, the way people keep themselves to themselves, how people dont know where youre from. Finally, how migrant workers move from place to place- as this is what migrant workers do. We see this in the novel from the beginning when Lennie got in trouble and they had to flee when Lennie sexually harassed a girl in weed. Dreams help people achieve things in life, no matter what scenario you are in. they give people power and confidence. Although I state in the title of this essay and have dreams to sustain them; the dream that they are referring to is the American dream. Before John Steinbeck wrote this book, he was interested in finding out about power, ownership and control and what it did on normal people. Due to the Great Depression, most people didnt have jobs, so they relied on bosses to permit them to a job; but they manage to put all that stress aside towards a dream that they have. Most of who dream of a dream called the American dream. These dreams tell us about the life people are living. Most characters in the novel have dreams to. But Lennie and Georges dream are the most important because they tell us about the culture that has been created. America has always been seen as the land of opportunity, freedom, a place to live and most importantly, a new life. A place for wealth and a place for real possibilities, this was referred to as the American dream. Immigrants moved to over America because they believed in this dream. So how was America founded? In 1607, people from Britain went to America to find gold; these people were known as the Virginia colony. Because the island they first found they named after the Queen Elizabeth, who of course, was a Virgin Queen. But of instead finding gold, they found tobacco (which was known a black gold in Britain-very popular.) and brought it back to England to sell. In 1620 a group of English Protestants who detested against the Church of England moved to America looking for religious freedom, these were known as the Plymouth colony or Pilgrims. In the Harsh Winter of 1620-1621, half of the Plymouth colony died due the coldness of the weather, when they arrived to America, it was full of wilderness and red Indians/Native Americans. In 1630 1000 more arrived to establish more colonies. In 1642, the Plymouth colony had 12000 settlers from Europe, again searching for religious freedom. By 1776, the colonies in America were fed up of the British monarchs ruling them and wanted their own independence, because the monarch of England was the monarch of America, and they had enough of this. In Britain the law was only set up for the landowners, if you wasnt a landowner then you didnt count. So 4th July 1776, the American colonies set up a universal declaration of independence. Here is an extract from it. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the creator with certain unalienable rights. Rights that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The statue of liberty was a present from the French man Gustave Eiffel, due to the French revolution happening in France he set up the statue of liberty to symbolise this dream, because the American dream was similar in France. If you were an immigrant coming into America by boat, the statue of liberty would be the first thing that you saw. However, this American dream inspired many people. By 1929, the Great Depression spoilt these dreams for many people since they didnt have the money to live happily. As stated in the novel, George and Lennie- and Candy aim to get a ranch to themselves and Lennie wants to pet the rabbits. Some elements of the dream include: material comforts and financial security- not being in debt and having everything you need. Being in control of your destiny- you making the choices in your own life, not people telling you what to do. Gaining the respect of others- living in a peaceful society. Companionship and sharing good fortune- having friends and keeping each other happy. And last but not least; making your mark-something to be proud of- achieving things in life; getting the best in life. The American dream today isnt all about freedom; its about money and fame. For example, if you look at Hollywood; actors and actresses etc. When an author writes a book, they must make some important choices. For example, whether to base the story involving letters or e-mails or telling the story as a flash back/ flash forward. People write book for various reasons: to inform the reader- this might be something that has happened previously, or presently. Some people write books to persuade or entertain you-it might encourage you to change your life. John Steinbeck written this book to inform-recalling what life was like in the Great Depression for migrant workers. He also creates a description; he lets the action sink in for the reader, also he helps create a physical appearance in your mind, by using a wide range of onomatopoeia and so crisp that a lizard makes a great skittering if he runs among them skittering is the sound that is being made. Another thing that the writer must consider is to select whether to write in 1st or 3rd person. If you wrote in first person, you can fully understand what that person, what goes on in that particular persons mind. But the down side is that you can only see what is happening when that person is present. If John Steinbeck chose to write this novel in the 1st person, we wouldnt see what would happen to George if Lennie wasnt there etc. however if you chose to write in the 3rd person, you can see the minds of all the characters in the book. Unfortunately 3rd person isnt always in the full depths of understanding- meaning that although you can read everybodys mind, it doesnt provide in depth detail. John Steinbeck chose 3rd person; this is a good choice because you can see in everybodys mind and John Steinbeck described the novel in full understanding in 3rd person, also he has put the plot in Great detail and has used a lot of wide range of vocabulary slowly, like a terrier who doesnt want to bring a ball to his master, Lennie approached, drew back, and approached again. Another interesting technique John Steinbeck has chosen to use is starting and ending the story in the same setting. He also set this novel in a rural location (in the countryside) and used adjectives, careful words and descriptions to this novel create an exact physical location. As well as this, the time scale of this novel is described for 1 week- this shows that George and Lennie havent moved very far in their lives, they havent moved forward. Finally one of the things that you need to consider is how much direct speech you use, not too much or you will slow down the plot, too less will not move the plot forward. So it is essential that you use the right amount. In this novel there is a lot of blasphemy Jesus he said hes jes like a kid aint he- and swearing listen here you crazy bastard- and racist comments Jesus how that nigger can pitch shoes- Steinbeck used a wide range of direct speech, thus helps us understand the characters more. This kind of language is found in most aspects of this novel- it is commonly asked why its studied in schools- racism, blasphemy and swearing is the kind of language that was used in the Great Depression, this was because the characters were migrant workers and they were uneducated, manual workers and non intellectual. Some of the characters in of Mice and Men are lonely; I am going to talk about 3 of them. The first character I am going to look at is Candy. Candy is an old swamper living at the ranch George and Lennie worked at. He is an old man with a missing wrist the wooden hatch raised. The door opened and a tall, stoop shouldered man came in. he was dressed in blue jeans and he carried a push broom in his left hand and out of the sleeve came a round stick like wrist , but no hand. Also he has a really old dog that evidently he has had since he was a pup and at is heels there walked a drag footed sheep dog he also has no relatives cause I aint got no relatives or nothing I find that Candy is lonely; he is lonely in several ways. Firstly his disability, he lost his hand I aint much good with ony one hand, I lost my hand right here on this ranch thats why they give me a job swamping an they give me two hundred and fifty dollars cause I los my hand this makes you think that it was their fault that Candy has lost his hand; because if it wasnt then they wouldnt give an old folk money if they could avoid it! Especially in a depression! So he cannot go out to buck barley like the rest of the men because he hasnt got the energy or strength like the other men have which means that he is lonely all day and has to wait for them to come back. He cant go down to Soledad because he is too old after that the guys went down to Soledad and raised hell, I didnt go there, I aint got the poop no more Candy was very close to that dog, he had him since he was a puppy, and so that dog is important to him. Firstly, he spends all of his day with that dog. Also that dog is a link to all the memories he has yeah I had him since he was a pup, god he was a damn good sheep dog when he was younger. When the dog gets shot Candy is desperate to leave the ranch, he hasnt got any body to keep him there (since his dog was his only companion) now the dog has been shot he hasnt got a friend anymore, which is why he is so desperate to leave the ranch. And follow Lennie and George with this dream that they have. Candy has become so desperate to be part of Lennie and Georges dream that he is prepared to give all of his savings to them spose I went in with you guys, thats three hundred and fifty bucks Id put in. that is three hundred and fifty dollars that Candy is prepared to give- $50 a month- so he is prepared to give 7 months wages to two guys that he has met on that very same day! This shows that he is desperate. Candy sees no hope on the ranch when they can me I wisht somebodyd shoot me hed rather be dead than stay on the ranch now his dog has been shot. He desperately wants something to look forward to, something to be happy about, and somewhere to belong to. The idea of this dream gives him hope. He wants to join the dream because his dog has been shot. Lennie and George accept him because he has got the money. Because Lennie and George have accepted Candy into this dream, he begins to change. Firstly Candy has gained the ability to be self critical. He can see that he should have shot his dog himself I ought to have shot that dog myself, George, I shouldnt ought to have let no stranger shoot my dog this shows that he has got over his dog being shot. Secondly Candy has gained the confidence to join in with the other men, like when he joins into the attack with Curley (glove fulla Vaseline Candy said disgustingly). This shows that he isnt scared to join in when everybody is cheeking Candy. He wouldnt have done this before because he would have been sacked, but now he fells more confident and feels more part of the group; he only used to say things behind peoples backs, not to their faces (the swamper stood up from his box know what I think George did not answer well I think hes married a tart) he only used to say things like that behind peoples back. Now he feels more confident, he will say it to their faces. Thirdly, he starts to plan and look forward I tell ya what Lennie, Ive been figuring about them rabbits he knows what his future going to be, he is looking forward to it. He wasnt like this before because he couldnt see any future, he had nothing to look forward to. His future seemed horrible theyll can me purty soon as I cant swamp out no bunk houses theyll put me on the county he tells Lennie and George that hes going to a county, no friends, no family, no entertainment, simple life, horrible experience. Finally I found out that has got more confident when talking to Curleys wife when he backs up Crooks if you was to do that, wed tell wed tell you up about you framing Crooks he wouldnt have done this before because it is the bosses sons wife that he is talking to and he would be sacked- and he cannot afford that to happen because he hasnt got no place else to go, he had to rely on his boss to permit him to work on the ranch and he is quite confident that he his future is going to happen, so now he doesnt care about being sacked, the fear of being sacked has left him. When Lennie kills Curleys wife the dream that Candy was looking forward to have come to an end, Candy was really relying on that dream, its made him more lively, its helped him join in with the other people (glove fulla Vaseline) now Curleys wifes death has caused this dream to fail. I know this from when he says to Curleys wifes corpse you done it dint you? I spose youre glad. Everbody knowed youd mess things up. You wasnt no good, you aint no good now, you lousy tart to say something like this to a dead body is highly disrespectful, like stealing candy from a baby it isnt acceptable because it is impolite. But all of his anger has caused him to strengthen up; become more confident, when he says if they was a circus or a baseball game we would of went to her jus said ta hell with work, an went to her. Never ast nobody say so. An theyd of been a pig and chickens an in the winter the little fat stove an the rain comin and jus us settin there. The dots between his speeches are called ellipses; these indicate that Candy is angry that his dream has been taken from him. And the ellipsis shows that Candy is trying to control his emotions, until he breaks down -his eyes blinded with tears. After this incident , Candy isnt just back to how he was before, I think that he would be more broken than he was because hew has lost his dog. When the dream was mentioned to him-it was like giving a child a sweet and taking it from him- he had his hopes up, now it looked like it was all over as if it had never begun. So his future seems quite dull for an old man. I think that he would be worse off. The next person I would like to observe is Crooks. Crooks is a stable buck who also lives at the ranch where Lennie and George once worked. A stable buck is someone who looks after the horses and the mules; he is also a black man. He lives not in the bunk house where all the other guys live; he lives in a shed of a barn. The job of the stable buck is very important because it is vital for the horses and the mules to be kept in good condition due to that being the only transport, meaning that the horses and the mules must be kept well looked after. The reason why he is called Crooks is because he is disabled; this shows that he cannot work with the other men. He has a permanent Job looking after the mules and horses; this is a semi-skilled job because it requires skill to do this job. There are several reasons why Crooks is lonely. Firstly he is black, the only black on the ranch and now there aint no coloured guy on the ranch he grew up as the only black family in Soledad there wasnt another coloured family for miles around. There is only one coloured family in Soledad an theres jus one family in Soledad. This makes him lonely because he hasnt got anybody like him, nobody black like him. He is the only one. Segregation means separation, separated from the others, this is what happens to Crooks. He isnt allowed in the bunk house, he lives in a little shed led off the barn a little shed led off the barn since he been separated from the others, he feels that white people have no right in his room you got no right to come in my room. This heres my room; nobody got any right in here but me. From this, Crooks feels rejected I cant play cards because Im black. They say I stink, well, I tell you, you stink too Crooks is a victim of institutional racism- this means that the law cannot protect him. I know this from when Curleys wife says to him I can get you strung up so easy it aint even funny The word nigger can be said in two ways-to describe sure, ya see, the stable bucks a nigger this shows ignorance, this shows that people do not know that it is an offensive word- and hurtful then you keep your place then nigger, I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny what she said was true backthen, if a black man looked at a white woman funny then (no matter what personality she is) she can get him strung up and the law cannot protect him. Crooks is isolated, no-one comes into his room except for Slim and the boss guys like you dont come into a coloured mans room very much. Nobody been in here but Slim, Slim and the boss. Experts say that being isolated can affect your mental health, which evidently it has done to Crooks. He is quiet, aloof (keep yourself to yourself) and depressed. He was not always like this. In his youth he was part of a loving family remember when I was a little kid on my old mans chicken ranch. Had two brothers, they was always with me, always there this makes Crooks lonelier than he is now because he had a family, he had a life, he had a future, but now it has been taken from him. America was a far more racist community than it was now. I know this from the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) this was (and still is) a white supremacist organisation, which has an aim of striking fear and intimidation into black people. The KKK believed that blacks were like animals and had little rights due to the fact that they are black-terrible, but true- black people were routinely dragged out of their homes and beaten, raped, castrated (cutting off penis and testicles) or possibly murdered. Slavery was abolished in America; it was very strong in the southern states. This is why Crooks says that he isnt a southern Negro I aint a southern negro this shows that Crooks was born a free black. Crooks (as far as we know) hasnt suffered from the KKK but it could still effect him because he know in theory what will happen to him. Being isolated is not good for people. As Ive said earlier, isolation can affect your mental health. He is also the only character in this novel that knows what loneliness does to you- Steinbecks message has been put into Crookss mouth a guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. From suffering from isolation Crooks begins to get his own back and scare Lennie want me ta tell ya whatll happen? Theyll take ya to the booby hatch. Theyll tie ya up with a collar, like a dog. From this he has become cynical (this means that you believe things will always go wrong, what ever the scenario) and pessimistic (always looking on the down side of things youll talk abut it a hell of a lot, but you wont get no land. Yet he may be black, but he is brighter than all the other men in the novel And he had a book too; a tattered dictionary and a mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905 he hasnt got the right to fulfil his intelligence, this shows what racism was like and what it did. When Lennie and Candy mention the dream to Crooks he offers to join it immediately if youguys would want to work for nothing-just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand. I aint so crippled I cant work like a son-of-a-bitch when I want to. The way he asked it was to hint to them, try not to give them an excuse to punish him. He really wants to be part of the dream, we never hear Crooks speak of his dreams, when Lennie and Candy talk about their dream, Crooks springs up and wants to become part of it. Crooks has the same dream, but he never shows it, because hes black. In the ellipsis he is trying to hint to them for them to accept him. We want Crooks to be accepted because it would be a better life, possibly a better ending. When Crooks wants to be part of Lennie and Candys dream, he has his hopes up, but when Curleys wife enters the scene and threatens him I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny he changes his mind- not as if he wants to- but for protection. What Curleys wife said was true, so Crooks loses all of his confidence, and backs out of this dream. So what will happen to him is that he will be exactly how he was before lonely, aloof, intimidated. We will feel sorry for him because now he has ended up worse than he was before, now he knows that things will always go wrong for him In a Depression everybody suffers. If you were black or disabled you suffer even more because nobody would want to employ you. Employers want white, fit and young workers, if they were fit to get that job, it would be low payed, you would suffer either way, but if you was black or disabled you would be less likely to get that job, Candy only got that job because he lost his hand under their behalf. Crooks only got that job because hes been there a long time and hes got skill. If Crooks and Candy were kicked and had to start again, it wouldnt be easy for them to get another job. The final character I am going to look at is Curleys wife. Curleys wife is the recent bosses sons wife on the ranch lennie and George worked at- so the men on the ranc will look at her as the new kid. whit picked uphis cards and examined them seen the new kid yet. She looks probally 16-17 years old. I know this from when an actor said she could go with them. She says that she is only 15. he says I could gowith him on that show. But my ol lady wouldnt let me. She says because I was ony 15. Also she is pretty but in an artificial way- this means that she pretends to be beautiful a girl was standing there looking in. she had full rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her finger nails were red.her hair hung in little rolled clusters like sausages. She wore a cotton house dressand red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquettes of red ostrich feathers back then respectable women didnt wear make up how she does, this is why the men refer her to as a tart I think Curleys married a tart she is never refered to as a name- just an individual. Also she can provokes strong feelings in both readers and characters (sympathy and hostility) to lennie, who thinks shes georgeous- shes purty- and George- who thinks discustingly of her- dont you even take a look at that bitch- the readers feel the same more-or-less. Steinbeck had a more sympathetic view of the character of Curleys wife- I know this from the Miss Luce letter. When Steinbeck adapted this novel into a play, the actor playing Curleys wife wrote to him because he did not know how to play her. So Steinbeck wrote a sympathetic letter back to Miss Luce explaining that her character in more detail. There are a number of reasons why Curleys wife is lonely. A womans role at that time was far different than today. Women those days had to stay in the home; cook meals and look after the kids- Curleys wife cant do this because she is living with Curleys father, she cant cook there is a cook that cooks all the meals on the ranch. Today women own companies, go to work etc. Curleys wife cannot get a job because in a depression, all the jobs would go to the men, plus women werent seen as workers, their job was to stay in the home. Also respectable women didnt wear make up, if you did then the men would think bad of you. Yet also there isnt another woman on the ranch for or nearby-so she hasnt got any support, girls and boys like the company of people their age, girls share make up, clothes, talk to each other, and chat about life. Curleys wife cant chat with other girls since there isnt anybody; Curleys mother seems evidently dead or doesnt live with them, so she cant talk to her. She cannot go into town to meet other girls because she cannot travel alone, if she does then society will disrespect her. She is treated by Curley as a sex object, as a possession- a perfect example of this is when she dies, Curleys reaction to her death, there is no weeping, no remorse, Curley goes straight for revenge Im gonna get him. Im going for my shotgun. Ill kill the big son-of-a-bitch myself. Ill shoot him in the guts. Come on, you guys he only goes for revenge for Lennie because he hates big guys. Curley sees his wife as a sex object from when he brags about his glove fulla Vaseline Curley says this because when the men ask him why he is wearing a glove full of Vaseline, he says he is keeping it soft for his wife. He only says this to make the other guys jealous. As for the other men on the ranch, they see her as someone who is dangerous, she is judged by her first appearance well aint she a looloo? they say this because she doesnt fit into the mens category as normal, respectable women didnt wear make up- she wears make up- respectable women didnt leave the house- shes in their faces. When Whit says I bet she even gives the stable buck the eye when he says this, it is a major insult to a woman. For a woman to sleep with a black man is seen as the taboo, it just wasnt right back then. They refer her to a tart (prostitute); however they talk about the actual tarts at the cathouse with real warmth and pleasure we go to old susys place. Hell of a nice place. Old susys a laugh- always cracking jokes. They talk about tarts as if they like them. But they dont like Curleys wife and call her a tart, when she isnt one. It seems as if she cannot win. When you are a married man, you work and look after your wife. Curley has only been married for two weeks and hes going to the cathouse! Curleys wife hasnt done anything. This does not pass unnoticed; Curleys wife tells Lennie how she feels about it I get lonely she said you can talk to people, but I cant talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. Howd you like not to talk to anybody? So what has loneliness done to her? Its made her desperate; she ignores the voice inside her head that something is wrong. She took Lennies hand and put it on her head. This shows that she is desperate for company. She also has become cruel listen nigger she said you know what I can do to you if you open your trap this shows that she feels as if she can get her own back on them, she feels as if- for the first time in a long time I suppose- she can take control. Eventually it kills her. She got that desperate for company that she stayed in that room with Lennie; and got herself killed. Many people have dreams, Curleys wife has a dream, and this dream means a lot to her. Curleys wife wants to be a movie star; this was because the film industry was just starting. This was a dream for most young girls back then. Like of how girls of 16-17 want to become models. Evidently this was a realistic dream for young girls back then. She got this dream from when she was 15; an actor said that she could be in the movies nother time I met a guy an he was in pitchers. Went out to the riverside dance palace with him. He says he was going to put me in the movies. Says I was a natural. Soons he got back to Hollywood he was going to write to me about it what this man really wanted to was to sleep with her. I dont think he was in the movies at all, I think he was just claiming, it would be highly unnatural for a Hollywood film producer to turn up in a small place like Soledad, like a famous person turning up in Bloxwitch, it wouldnt happen on an everyday basis. This is why her mother wouldnt let her my ol lady wouldnt let me her mother wouldnt let her go with him because he wanted to protect her. This shows that Curleys wife is shallow- cares about her appearance, gullible- believes everything that she is told, and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve- meaning that she is too trusting to people. She hasnt got any real talent because we havent really seen her act out before, so the probability of this dream becoming true is highly unlikely. But she doesnt want to be in the movies to act. No, she wants to be famous; she wants to be admired and to wear flashy clothes. The affect of this is that she wants to be like how the actresses are, trying to impress the men- just the sad thing is that the men dont refer her as an actresses, they refer her to as a tart and vow to keep a distance form her. The effect of this is the total opposite of what she wants (of how they look at her as a tart) she doesnt want that, she wants to be respected by them. She wants to make something of herself well I wasnt gonna stay no place where I couldnt get nowhere or make something of myself this ties up with the American Dream. This is great proof that the dream actually exists. When Curleys wife dies, Steinbeck presents her death in a sympathetic and descriptive manner- now her rouged cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly when he presents her death, we- us and the characters- see the real woman. We see her no more than a tool to be polished and maimed, never to be respected nor confided in. And when she described her dream beforehand, this is a sympathetic ending to her life. For the final part of this essay I will talk about who I personally think is the loneliest. I think that the loneliest character is Curleys wife because she is the only woman on the ranch and everybody looks down upon her as something disgustingly on a lavatory seat. She is also the loneliest because even her own husband doesnt particularly respect her. I think this text of Mice and Men was an interesting and mind bending book with a gripping and plot. There are some things that I know now that I didnt now before, for instance the Great Depression, I knew roughly what it was but I never knew that this book had the theme of it. Also, loneliness, the other theme, also happens today. Like how it drives people crazy. Like the message John Steinbeck is trying to put out.

Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Transnational Corporations Economics Essay

Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Transnational Corporations Economics Essay Trans National Corporations (TNCs) are companies which operate in at least 2 countries. Its organization is very hierarchical with the headquarters as well as research development often located in the mother country. Production centers tend to be host countries. When organization becomes more worldwide regional headquarters and regional research development will widen in the manufacturing countries. This gives TNCs many advantages, such as right of entry to the global market, cheap labor, low production costs, consequently greater profits. The headquarters of these remains in its mother country, usually one of the most developed countries in the world, like USA UK. Their established factories throughout the world, which either make parts or entire finished goods for the company to sell on the global market. Among all the TNCs in the world, Most of them are oil companies such as Exxon (Esso) BP, car manufacturing companies (for instance Toyota, Ford, Nissan and Volkswagen). Other familiar companies like Sony, IBM and Coca-Cola are also defined as being TNCs. Trance National Corporations are established globally for their advantages, to earn more profits. They bring with them both positive and negative impacts for the country that plays host to them. Top 10 TNCs in 2009 TNCs manufacturing high-tech Scientific instructions, pharmaceuticals microelectronics, (Mitsubishi, Sony, Glaxo- Smithkleine) Large volume consumer goods Tyres, Motor vehicles, televisions other electronic products (Toyota, Daimler, Ford, Volkswagen, General Motors) 3) Mass produced consumer goods cigarettes, beverages, breakfast cereals, cosmetics branded goods (Mars, Uniliever, Nestle, Kraft foods) 4) Service Banking/ insurance, freight transport, advertising, hotel chains and fast food outlets (IN group, AXA, citigroup, HSBC, Allianz, Dexia) TNCs organize manage economic activities in different regions develop trade inside between units of the similar corporation in different regions. It means they can often control the terms of trade and can diminish the effect of quota boundaries on the movement of products, go around trade tariffs. Advantages to TNCs TNCs have the ability to take advantage of spatial differences in factors of production. They can utilize differences in the accessibility of labor, capital, and building or land costs. e.g. 2002 Dyson moved its production from a plant in Malmesbury, Wiltshire to Malayasia to take advantage of cheap labor. Dyson did retain several hundred jobs in Wiltshire for RD saving of 30% in production costs0 They can locate to take advantage of government policies such as lower taxes, subsidies and grants and less strict legislation on employment and pollution. They can get round trade barriers by locating production within the market where they want to sell. E.g. Nissan in Sunderland, Toyota in Derby. Japanese car firms have been attracted to locations in the EU because of quota restrictions on the import of Japanese made vehicles into European manufacturers and gain entry to the European market What are NICs? Country that has within recent decades experienced a get through into rapid productivity growth, rapid export oriented economic growth, quick industrialization farther a high amount of investment and assets formation largely funded from local savings, and a high tendency to export, with end user durables and machinery accounting for a large share of exports. Superior examples are South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. These countries invest capital and production facilities in other developing countries like China, Vietnam, India, and some countries in South East Asia. Within 20th century lots of East Asia countries were industrialized such as South Koria, Taiwan, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Japan. These states are called as Newly Industrialized Countries or (NICs). They are also sometimes referred to as Tiger Economies because of the growth rate of these counties. The governments of NICs controlled over industrial development motivated industries to export manufactured products to abrade such as more developed states. The exports profits were re-invested in the local economy. Local businesses did grow; wages rose workers did spend their new assets to buy domestic goods and services thus motivating further growth. This type of rotation or knock-on effect, in which money paid out by businesses is reinvested inside the country, is often called the multiplier effect. NICs have been being succeeded for the last 30 years. That successfulness of these economies has contributed to the turn down of manufacturing industries in MEDCs like UK. Industries struggled to compete with the NICs competition, because their production cost and wages were very low. Characteristics of NICs Countries whorled market exporter share is increasing, they often copying existing products then reproducing for a much low price. Continues growth in the production sector that results for more exports continues increasing of GDP. Generally NICs Can be developed by three stagers, thats traditional society to a developed country society. Three stagers are explained below. The time frame of whole process can be minimum 30 years. Traditional society: There are more labors work under the industry, its labor oriented. Concentrating on small cottage-style traditional industries, concentrated on local raw materials. Instance could include food processing, textile manufacture Most of the time, lots of people are still work in the primary sector, doing things include farming. Using primary technologies most of the people have less money. Import the products what they want, that indicate county is not producing what they actually needed addicted to import products. Import substitution industries: The country does promote its own industries. Newly started companies imitate products from well known market giants and then produce them for low price. The government operates tariff barrios for the products are being imported trades that make similar products. The purpose of that is protecting their own domestic companies whilst they grow. Instance industries are computer manufacture, car manufacture, electronic goods and other electrical goods, like hi-fis. Export orientated industries: The new companies established in their own country they are unleashed upon the global market. Industries are being capital intensive, using high technology aimed at earning a big profit. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the country starts to increase, mostly growing at well over 5% per year which is a wonderful rate. Now the country has been being an NIC. How do TNCs affect to the NICs economy their environment? Investment: Advantages: The companies earn, invest, bring foreign currency into the country. Though most of their earnings come back to the companys country of host, all the remunerations do come to the local economy Disadvantages: The salaries paid to host country workers are very low and a lot of companies have been accused of exploiting the workforce before benefiting it. There are often tax incentives for these TNCs to locate in countries in the Developing World. Due to the fact that they get lots of their profits out of the country that says the real economic benefit to the country could be limited. Technology: Advantages: TNCs help the development of the NICs by bringing in latest technology and new knowledge that the host country doesnt use. Disadvantages: Unless the company actively participates in a program to educate local companies in the new technologies, the countrys industry will not really benefit. TNCs are not going to share too much information. If the local industry competition will increase because of new knowledge TNCs have to compete even with the local companies. Transport: Advantages: The new TNCs mostly help to develop transport links around the company area. Disadvantages: Mostly serve only the direct roads, rails that needs of the company, not the surrounding area as well. Employment: Advantages: They create jobs opportunities for the NICs domestic employees. Disadvantages: Most of the jobs opportunities are highly skilled so the company uses their own people to do the work. Because of the technological environment of these companies. Remain less jobs opportunities. Urbanization -launching a TNC in a city in NIC does encourage urbanization. Young migrant workers gather to the city. It influence to the rural communities their development Environment/Safety: Advantages: Companies bring with them the environmental friendly technologies expertise to decrees harmful pollution establish a safe working environment. Disadvantages: a lot of TNCs have very bad history on pollution and worker safety. They have been complained of trying to cut both safety of working environment and environmental pollution in order to keep costs down. . Overall impact to the Economic growth Development of NICs can be potentially promoted by transnational corporations through their activities that generate economic growth. Some evidence exists that the foreign exchange and foreign direct investment that TNCs provide can improve the performance of the economy of the NICs which they operate in. The process of economic growth is impacted by the TNCs through influencing the quality and amount of new capital formation, transfer of soft and hard technology, expansion of trade opportunities and the development of human resources. Further, Such as Province of China, Taiwan, and South Korea demonstrate, that under some conditions economic growth can foster social development. For example in Taiwan, enormous growth of economy has been combined with increased educational levels, longer life spans, improved health conditions, advanced housing conditions, political liberalization and enhanced civil liberties. Theoretically TNCs can uplift the development of the NICs society by fostering economic growth; practically this relationship exists for two reasons. Mainly, in the host countries it is not clear whether transnational corporations are really responsible for the growth of economy. In the most recent two notable cases related to economic transformation, Taiwan and South Korea, a negligible role was played by transnational corporations. Further, TNCs actually have the ability to prevent NICs local economic growth by running local entrepreneurs out of the business zone, along with the importing of main goods and services, reducing large amounts of the profits from their local NICs, and transferring royalties and fees to the main companies which are located away from the host economy. Secondly, even if the economy of the NIC is not developing, there is a tenuous relationship between social development and economic growth. Even though there is an global economic growth annually, it is yet hard to prevent the problems of poverty, unemployment, inequality in wealth, and such other issues of social malaise. For example In Cote dIvoire, from 1960 to 1975 the TNCs could have helped to foster aggregate the growth of the economy, they did only a very little to uplift the development of the society: increase in unemployment, income distribution expanded and nationals increasingly started losing the control over the industrial capacities of the country. In some, under some circumstances TNCs can act as the engines of growth of economy, the power of economy is very rarely harnessed to the achievement of development. Overall impact to the Environment Transnational corporations can have a negative impact through a demotion of resources in the environment to the social development. And over the past ten years such entities had been responsible for environmental disasters. For an example, Union Carbide in Bhopal, India, Exxons Valdez spill off Alaska, and Texaco in Ecuador. To a group of environmental problems TNCs have been linked. Fifty percent of the green house emissions are generated by them, in which they are responsible for global warming. Furthermore they are also the users of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and they are also producers of CFCs. Explaining further, transnational corporations are responsible for the pollution of land, air, wetlands, water and the oceans. Ultimately, through their mining activities and commercial logging, there is a contribution to deforestation by the TNC. For example in the mid-1980s, there was a control of 90per cent of the logging by the foreign corporations in Gabon and in Congo it was 77 per cent. As a result of such mining and logging negative effects such as flooding, loss of topsoil rapid run-off of rain have occurred; Farmers are economically not in a rich status to buy the land from forest owners and usually TNCs dont internalize such social costs. Hence such negative externalities cannot be p revented. The relationship between TNCs and the environment is massively complex even though transnational corporations can definitely obstruct social development through their environmental practices .But yet the Critics dont mention that consumption of environmental resources should be abstained by transnational corporations, instead they should promote sustainable growth and development via their activities. In the meantime there is a practice by the TNCs to follow demoted environmental standards in the developing countries with comparison to the developed countries; and it is found with evidence that environmental practices are more responsible in developing countries than in local firms functioning in such countries. Nevertheless, critics emphasize that, as a result of having better resources they have better access to research and development, It is the responsibility of the TNCs to promote environmentally sustainable practices and they bare that responsibility. Some companies undergoing so much of pressure have started to follow more environmentally responsible policies. Example, a maligned polluter named Dow Chemical, had to establish one-and-a-half days each session with the environmentalists brief senior management quarterly. The salary of the manager was pegged to the goals of the environment, and a toxic release of 32 per cent between 1988 and 1991. Further some laudable environmental practices were also implemented by the IBM including rewards for the employees for technical innovations which helped to comply with the environmental standards. Finally 18 environmental awards were won by ATT since 1990. On the other hand, expect these three companies majority pillage to consume environmental resources from the countries that are developing and they consume these environmental resources in a destructive and unsuitable manner. practices which certainly hamper prospects for social development. Some of the companies that involves in issues related to the environment are General Electric and DuPont, for example, Dupont was responsible for toxic chemical releases in 254 million pounds during the period of 1991 in the United States , and this has led to minimize such practices that destroys environment. e.g. In December 1984, one of the worlds worst industrial disasters occurred in a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India. Poisonous gas leaked from a negligently maintained chemical factory killing 3,000 and injuring over 200,000. See Reinhold (1985), Lueck (1985) and Everest (1985). An Exxon ship called the Valdez crashed off the coast of Alaska, spilling thousands of gallons of oil into the ocean and killing large amounts of marine life. The company untruthfully maintained that the oil spill had caused only minor damage and that the oil spill had been satisfactorily neutralized (de George, op. cit., p. 5). Conclusion -s-cool.co.uk. (). Geography GCSE: Industry. Newly industrialised countries: South Korea. (), . http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/geography/industry/industry-in-the-developing-world.html

Fighting More Than the Blues: A Look into Depressive Disorders Essay

Fighting More Than the Blues: A Look into Depressive Disorders This paper will focus on depressive disorders, and it will describe what they are, how they manifest themselves, what causes them and/or what makes certain individuals susceptible to the disorder as compared to others. This piece will also describe the most common treatment practices, and the effectiveness of these treatments. It will conclude by offering some testimonials from individuals who suffer from depressive disorders as well as some additional commentary about depressive disorders and their implications/challenges. What is depression? A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. A depressive disorder is exactly that—a disorder; therefore, people with a depressive illness cannot will themselves to get better they can't just pull themselves together. A depressive disorder requires treatment. (1) ("Depression 1) Are there different types of depressive disorders? Depressive disorders take on different forms. There are three common types of depressive disorders. They are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Major depression is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with an individual's ability to work, study, sleep, and eat. Symptoms include but are not limited to the following: persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, feelings of hopelessness, feelings of guilt, helplessness, worthlessness, decreased energy, fatigue, appetite and/or weight loss, or overeating and weight gain, ... .... 2003. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/depression.cfm 2) Depression: An Overview, Continuing Medical Education. 26 Oct. 2003. http://www.mhsource.com/depression/overview.html 3) Dealing with the Depths of Depression, Nordenberg, Liora. "Dealing with the Depths of Depression." HealingWell.com. 26 Oct. 2003, pp 3-4. http://www.healingwell.com/library/depression/nordenberg1.asp 4) Dealing with the Depths of Depression , Nordenberg, Liora. "Dealing with the Depths of Depression." HealingWell.com. 26 Oct. 2003, pp 4-6. http://www.healingwell.com/library/depression/nordenberg1.asp 5) Depression. National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/depression.cfm 6) Melancholy Nation , Schrof, Joannie M, and Stacey Schultz. "Melancholy Nation." U.S. News & World Report Archive. http://www.newjerusalem.com/archive-report.html

Second Foundation 11. Stowaway

It was a little over a month before the summer could be said to have started. Started, that is, to the extent that Homir Munn had written his final financial report of the fiscal year, seen to it that the substitute librarian supplied by the Government was sufficiently aware of the subtleties of the post – last year's man had been quite unsatisfactory – and arranged to have his little cruiser the Unimara – named after a tender and mysterious episode of twenty years past – taken out of its winter cobwebbery. He left Terminus in a sullen distemper. No one was at the port to see him off. That would not have been natural since no one ever had in the past. He knew very well that it was important to have this trip in no way different from any he had made in the past, yet he felt drenched in a vague resentment. He, Homir Munn, was risking his neck in derring-doery of the most outrageous sort, and yet he left alone. At least, so he thought. And it was because he thought wrongly, that the following day was one of confusion, both on the Unimara and in Dr. Darell's suburban home. It hit Dr. Darell's home first, in point of time, through the medium of Poli, the maid, whose month's vacation was now quite a thing of the past. She flew down the stairs in a flurry and stutter. The good doctor met her and she tried vainly to put emotion into words but ended by thrusting a sheet of paper and a cubical object at him. He took them unwillingly and said: â€Å"What's wrong, Poli?† â€Å"She's gone, doctor.† â€Å"Who's gone?† â€Å"Arcadia!† â€Å"What do you mean, gone? Gone where? What are you talking about?† And she stamped her foot: ‘I don't know. She's gone, and there's a suitcase and some clothes gone with her and there's that letter. Why don't you read it, instead of just standing there? Oh, you men!† Dr. Darell shrugged and opened the envelope. The letter was not long, and except for the angular signature, â€Å"Arkady,† was in the ornate and flowing handwriting of Arcadia's transcriber. Dear Father: It would have been simply too heartbreaking to say good-by to you in person. I might have cried like a little girl and you would have been ashamed of me. So I'm writing a letter instead to tell you how much I'II miss you, even while I'm having this perfectly wonderful summer vacation with Uncle Homir. I'II take good care of myself and it won't be long before I'm home again. Meanwhile, I'm leaving you something that's all my own. You can have it now. Your loving daughter, Arkady. He read it through several times with an expression that grew blanker each time. He said stiffly, â€Å"Have you read this, Poli?† Poli was instantly on the defensive. â€Å"I certainly can't be blamed for that, doctor. The envelope has ‘Poli' written on the outside, and I had no way of telling there was a letter for you on the inside. I'm no snoop, doctor, and in the years I've been with-â€Å" Darell held up a placating hand, â€Å"Very well, Poli. It's not important. I just wanted to make sure you understood what had happened.† He was considering rapidly. It was no use telling her to forget the matter. With regard to the enemy, â€Å"forget† was a meaningless word; and the advice, insofar as it made the matter more important, would have had an opposite effect. He said instead, â€Å"She's a queer little girl, you know. Very romantic. Ever since we arranged to have her go off on a space trip this summer, she's been quite excited.† â€Å"And just why has no one told me about this space trip?† â€Å"It was arranged while you were away, and we forgot It's nothing more complicated than that.† Poli's original emotions now concentrated themselves into a single, overwhelming indignation, â€Å"Simple, is it? The poor chick has gone off with one suitcase, without a decent stitch of clothes to her, and alone at that. How long will she be away?† â€Å"Now I won't have you worrying about it, Poli. There will be plenty of clothes for her on the ship. It's been all arranged. Will you tell Mr. Anthor, that I want to see him? Oh, and first – is this the object that Arcadia has left for me?† He turned it over in his hand. Poli tossed her head. â€Å"I'm sure I don't know. The letter was on top of it and that's every bit I can tell you. Forget to tell me, indeed. If her mother were alive-â€Å" Darell, waved her away. â€Å"Please call Mr. Anthor.† *** Anthor's viewpoint on the matter differed radically from that of Arcadia's father. He punctuated his initial remarks with clenched fists and tom hair, and from there, passed on to bitterness. â€Å"Great Space, what are you waiting for? What are we both waiting for? Get the spaceport on the viewer and have them contact the Unimara.† â€Å"Softly, Pelleas, she's my daughter.† â€Å"But it's not your Galaxy.† â€Å"Now, wait. She's an intelligent girl, Pelleas, and she's thought this thing out carefully. We had better follow her thoughts while this thing is fresh. Do you know what this thing is?† â€Å"No. Why should it matter what it is?' â€Å"Because it's a sound-receiver.† â€Å"That thing?† â€Å"It's homemade, but it will work. I've tested it. Don't you see? It's her way of telling us that she's been a party to our conversations of policy. She knows where Homir Munn is going and why. She's decided it would be exciting to go along.† â€Å"Oh, Great Space,† groaned the younger man. â€Å"Another mind for the Second Foundation to pick.† â€Å"Except that there's no reason why the Second Foundation should, a priori, suspect a fourteen-year-old girl of being a danger – unless we do anything to attract attention to her, such as calling back a ship out of space for no reason other than to take her off. Do you forget with whom we're dealing? How narrow the margin is that separates us from discovery? How helpless we are thereafter?† â€Å"But we can't have everything depend on an insane child.† She's not insane, and we have no choice. She need not have written the letter, but she did it to keep us from going to the police after a lost child. Her letter suggests that we convert the entire matter into a friendly offer on the part of Munn to take an old friend's daughter off for a short vacation. And why not? He's been my friend for nearly twenty years. He's known her since she was three, when I brought her back from Trantor. It's a perfectIy natural thing, and, in fact, ought to decrease suspicion. A spy does not carry a fourteen-year-old niece about with him.† â€Å"So. And what will Munn do when he finds her?† Dr. Darell heaved his eyebrows once. â€Å"I can't say – but I presume she'll handle him.† But the house was somehow very lonely at night and Dr. Darell found that the fate of the Galaxy made remarkably little difference while his daughter's mad little life was in danger. The excitement on the Unimara, if involving fewer people, was considerably more intense. *** In the luggage compartment, Arcadia found herself, in the first place, aided by experience, and in the second, hampered by the reverse. Thus, she met the initial acceleration with equanimity and the more subtle nausea that accompanied the inside-outness of the first jump through hyperspace with stoicism. Both had been experienced on space hops before, and she was tensed for them. She knew also that luggage compartments were included in the ship's ventilation-system and that they could even be bathed in wall-light. This last, however, she excluded as being too unconscionably unromantic. She remained in the dark, as a conspirator should, breathing very softly, and listening to the little miscellany of noises that surrounded Homir Munn. They were undistinguished noises, the kind made by a man alone. The shuffling of shoes, the rustle of fabric against metal, the soughing of an upholstered chair seat retreating under weight, the sharp click of a control unit, or the soft slap of a palm over a photoelectric cell. Yet, eventually, it was the lack of experience that caught up with Arcadia. In the book films and on the videos, the stowaway seemed to have such an infinite capacity for obscurity. Of course, there was always the danger of dislodging something which would fall with a crash, or of sneezing – in videos you were almost sure to sneeze; it was an accepted matter. She knew all this, and was careful. There was also the realization that thirst and hunger might be encountered. For this, she was prepared with ration cans out of the pantry. But yet things remained that the films never mentioned, and it dawned upon Arcadia with a shock that, despite the best intentions in the world, she could stay hidden in the closet for only a limited time. And on a one-man sports-cruiser, such as the Unimara, living space consisted, essentially, of a single room, so that there wasn't even the risky possibility of sneaking out of the compartment while Munn was engaged elsewhere. She waited frantically for the sounds of sleep to arise. If only she knew whether he snored. At least she knew where the bunk was and she could recognize the rolling protest of one when she heard it. There was a long breath and then a yawn. She waited through a gathering silence, punctuated by the bunk's soft protest against a changed position or a shifted leg. The door of the luggage compartment opened easily at the pressure of her finger, and her craning neck- There was a definite human sound that broke off sharply. Arcadia solidified. Silence! Still silence! She tried to poke her eyes outside the door without moving her head and failed. The head followed the eyes. Homir Munn was awake, of course – reading in bed, bathed in the soft, unspreading bed light, staring into the darkness with wide eyes, and groping one hand stealthily under the pillow. Arcadia's head moved sharply back of itself. Then, the light went out entirely and Munn's voice said with shaky sharpness, â€Å"I've got a blaster, and I'm shooting, by the Galaxy-â€Å" And Arcadia wailed, â€Å"It's only me. Don't shoot.† Remarkable what a fragile flower romance is. A gun with a nervous operator behind it can spoil the whole thing. The light was back on – all over the ship – and Munn was sitting up in bed. The somewhat grizzled hair on his thin chest and the sparse one-day growth on his chin lent him an entirely fallacious appearance of disreputability. Arcadia stepped out, yanking at her metallene jacket which was supposed to be guaranteed wrinkleproof. After a wild moment in which he almost jumped out of bed, but remembered, and instead yanked the sheet up to his shoulders, Munn gargled, â€Å"W†¦ wha†¦ what-â€Å" He was completely incomprehensible. Arcadia said meekly, â€Å"Would you excuse me for a minute? I've got to wash my hands.† She knew the geography of the vessel, and slipped away quickly. When she returned, with her courage oozing back, Homir Munn was standing before her with a faded bathrobe on the outside and a brilliant fury on the inside. â€Å"What the black holes of Space are you d†¦ doing aboard this ship? H†¦ how did you get on here? What do you th†¦ think I'm supposed to do with you? What's going on here?† He might have asked questions indefinitely, but Arcadia interrupted sweetly, â€Å"I just wanted to come along, Uncle Homir.† â€Å"Why? I'm not going anywhere?† â€Å"You're going to Kalgan for information about the Second Foundation.† And Munn let out a wild howl and collapsed completely. For one horrified moment, Arcadia thought he would have hysterics or beat his head against the wall. He was still holding the blaster and her stomach grew ice-cold as she watched it. â€Å"Watch out – Take it easy -† was all she could think of to say. But he struggled back to relative normality and threw the blaster on to the bunk with a force that should have set it off and blown a hole through the ship's hull. â€Å"How did you get on?† he asked slowly, as though gripping each word with his teeth very carefully to prevent it from trembling before letting it out. â€Å"It was easy. I just came into the hangar with my suitcase, and said, ‘Mr. Munn's baggage!' and the man in charge just waved his thumb without even looking up.† â€Å"I'll have to take you back, you know,† said Homir, and there was a sudden wild glee within him at the thought. By Space, this wasn't his fault. â€Å"You can't,† said Arcadia, calmly, â€Å"it would attract attention.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"You know. The whole purpose of your going to Kalgan was because it was natural for you to go and ask for permission to look into the Mule's records. And you've got to be so natural that you're to attract no attention at all. If you go back with a girl stowaway, it might even get into the tele-news reports.† â€Å"Where did you g†¦ get those notions about Kalgan? These†¦ uh†¦ childish-† He was far too flippant for conviction, of course, even to one who knew less than did Arcadia. â€Å"I heard,† she couldn't avoid pride completely, â€Å"with a sound-recorder. I know all about it – so you've got to let me come along.† â€Å"What about your father?† He played a quick trump. â€Å"For all he knows, you're kidnapped†¦ dead.† â€Å"I left a note,† she said, overtrumping, â€Å"and he probably knows he mustn't make a fuss, or anything. You'll probably get a space-gram from him.† To Munn the only explanation was sorcery, because the receiving signal sounded wildly two seconds after she finished. She said: â€Å"That's my father, I bet,† and it was. The message wasn't long and it was addressed to Arcadia. It said: â€Å"Thank you for your lovely present, which I'm sure you put to good use. Have a good time.† â€Å"You see,† she said, â€Å"that's instructions.† Homir grew used to her. After a while, he was glad she was there. Eventually, he wondered how he would have made it without her. She prattIed! She was excited! Most of all, she was completely unconcerned. She knew the Second Foundation was the enemy, yet it didn't bother her. She knew that on Kalgan, he was to deal with a hostile officialdom, but she could hardly wait. Maybe it came of being fourteen. At any rate, the week-long trip now meant conversation rather than introspection. To be sure, it wasn't a very enlightening conversation, since it concerned, almost entirely, the girl's notions on the subject of how best to treat the Lord of Kalgan. Amusing and nonsensical, and yet delivered with weighty deliberation. Homir found himself actually capable of smiling as he listened and wondered out of just which gem of historical fiction she got her twisted notion of the great universe. It was the evening before the last jump. Kalgan was a bright star in the scarcely-twinkling emptiness of the outer reaches of the Galaxy. The ship's telescope made it a sparkling blob of barely-perceptible diameter. Arcadia sat cross-legged in the good chair. She was wearing a pair of slacks and a none-too-roomy shirt that belonged to Homir. Her own more feminine wardrobe had been washed and ironed for the landing. She said, â€Å"I'm going to write historical novels, you know.† She was quite happy about the trip. Uncle Homir didn't the least mind listening to her and it made conversation so much more pleasant when you could talk to a really intelligent person who was serious about what you said. She continued: â€Å"I've read books and books about all the great men of Foundation history. You know, like Seldon, Hardin, Mallow, Devers and all the rest. I've even read most of what you've written about the Mule, except that it isn't much fun to read those parts where the Foundation loses. Wouldn't you rather read a history where they skipped the silly, tragic parts?† â€Å"Yes, I would,† Munn assured her, gravely. â€Å"But it wouldn't be a fair history, would it, Arkady? You'd never get academic respect, unless you give the whole story.† â€Å"Oh, poof. Who cares about academic respect?† She found him delightful. He hadn't missed calling her Arkady for days. â€Å"My novels are going to be interesting and are going to sell and be famous. What's the use of writing books unless you sell them and become well-known? I don't want just some old professors to know me. It's got to be everybody.† Her eyes darkened with pleasure at the thought and she wriggled into a more comfortable position. â€Å"In fact, as soon as I can get father to let me, I'm going to visit Trantor, so's I can get background material on the First Empire, you know. I was born on Trantor; did you know that?† He did, but he said, â€Å"You were?† and put just the right amount of amazement into his voice. He was rewarded with something between a beam and a simper. â€Å"Uh-huh. My grandmother†¦ you know, Bayta Darell, you've heard of her†¦ was on Trantor once with my grandfather. In fact, that's where they stopped the Mule, when all the Galaxy was at his feet; and my father and mother went there also when they were first married. I was born there. I even lived there till mother died, only I was just three then, and I don't remember much about it. Were you ever on Trantor, Uncle Homir?† â€Å"No, can't say I was.† He leaned back against the cold bulkhead and listened idly. Kalgan was very close, and he felt his uneasiness flooding back. â€Å"Isn't it just the most romantic world? My father says that under Stannel V, it had more people than any ten worlds nowadays. He says it was just one big world of metals – one big city – that was the capital of all the Galaxy. He's shown me pictures that he took on Trantor. It's all in ruins now, but it's still stupendous. I'd just love to see it again. In fact†¦ Homir!† â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Why don't we go there, when we're finished with Kalgan?† Some of the fright hurtled back into his face. â€Å"What? Now don't start on that. This is business, not pleasure. Remember that.† â€Å"But it is business† she squeaked. â€Å"There might be incredible amounts of information on Trantor, don't you think so?† â€Å"No, I don't.†*** He scrambled to his feet â€Å"Now untangle yourself from the computer. We've got to make the last jump, and then you turn in.† One good thing about landing, anyway; he was about fed up with trying to sleep on an overcoat on the metal floor. The calculations were not difficult. The â€Å"Space Route Handbook† was quite explicit on the Foundation-Kalgan route. There was the momentary twitch of the timeless passage through hyperspace and the final light-year dropped away. The sun of Kalgan was a sun now – large, bright, and yellow-white; invisible behind the portholes that had automatically closed on the sun-lit side. Kalgan was only a night's sleep away.

Ethical and Legal Issues on the Internet Essay

Plagiarism is probably the main concern when it comes to blogging and academic assignments. Should it be our responsibility to minimize plagiarism, yes it is. Academic Integrity helps keep higher learning’s foundation strong. That is why it is very important to minimize or even try to eliminate plagiarism. Academic integrity surely includes issues like cheating and plagiarism, copyrights, patents, intellectual property. But it concerns the way in which we present ourselves to the community of which we are a part of. It’s the obligation of students, administrators, faculty, and staff, to come together to educate students for personal and social responsibility. Schools offer to the learning community information about academic and research integrity, the responsible conduct of research, and about the ways in which our individual actions have an effect on our participation with, a vibrant and creative academic and social community. Plagiarism, the use of another’s words, ideas, data, or product without  appropriate acknowledgment, such as copying another’s work, presenting someone else’s opinions and theories as one’s own, or working jointly on a project and then submitting it as one’s own. Cheating, the use or attempted use of unauthorized materials such as annotated or instructor editions of the course textbook, information, or study aids; or an act of deceit by which a student attempts to misrepresent academic skills or knowledge. Fabrication is the intentional misrepresentation or invention of any information, such as falsifying research, inventing or exaggerating data, or listing incorrect or fictitious references. There are ways for responsible blogging; as long as people can be ethical and follow them blogging may become more credible. First Bloggers should check their facts before blogging. It is so simple to produce and share content why not make sure it is 100% facts before sharing. Bloggers should respect all copyright laws, people associate online content with public domain content which can get the blogger in hot water. Bloggers should include links to a more detail source of the material that is being written. Giving credit where credit is due is very important in responsible blogging. The blogger should always reference their sources, this practice is important under an ethical point of view, but also give the reader a place to get the main source of facts.

Essay on Gangs-and-guns Wars Reasons and Causes

Essay on Gangs-and-guns Wars Reasons and Causes Essay on Gangs-and-guns Wars: Reasons and Causes Essay on Gangs-and-guns Wars: Reasons and CausesViolence is a serious problem of the contemporary society. Every year so called gang wars take away lives of thousands of people.   Unfortunately, innocent people often become victims in these wars. Despite the fact that the government puts much effort trying to solve the problem of the high-crime level and the criminal war, the number of victims is still high. Dan Gardner in his article The Missing Piece to the Gang-Violence Debate states that drugs play an important role in the gang wars and it is hard to resolve the problem without taking this component into consideration. Drug distribution is a very profitable â€Å"business†, and members of the gangs often die during wars for the influence in drug sphere.   I believe that selling   and taking drugs is an important problem of the contemporary society and it may be the root of other serious problems, such as high crime rate and violence. In addition, drugs bring enormous money to those who sell them and that is the reason they may have big influence in gangs-and-guns wars.In his article The Missing Piece to the Gang-Violence Dan Gardner speaks about possible reasons of the murders related to the gang wars. Garnder used to work as a policy adviser for the Minister of Education and Premier of Ontario. He knows the topic he discusses and shares his finding with his readers. He states that despite big effort dedicated to reduce the crime level gang wars take away a lot of lives every year. Dan Gardner traces certain correlations in the number of victims of these wars and he states that his findings bring him to the idea that drugs are the missing components in the gang wars. Each time police imprisoned drug lords or the leader of the drug dealing network the sudden increase of murders emerged. Gardner explains it by the gang wars for the leadership in the drug networks.   After his analyses Gardner comes to the conclusions that in reality drug wars b ecome the reason of big quantity of victims during the gangs-and-guns wars. â€Å"Yes, drugs are the missing piece in Canada’s guns-and-gangs debate. It’s true that gang culture, fatherless homes, poverty and other factors people are talking about may play a role. But in almost every case, the drug trade is the reason the trigger is squeezed. If the black market didn’t exist, neither would most of the bloodshed† (Gardner 235). Drug industry brings millions to its owners and that is why battle for the place in this industry is so fierce.  A lot of authors trace correlation between gang wars and drugs distribution.   The story repeats in different countries and sad statistics of homicides proves that drugs play a very important role in the gang wars. Police report Drugs, Gangs, and Crime: Urban Violence and the War on Drugs also names drugs as one of the main reasons of victims during criminal wars. â€Å"Chicago police believe that about one-third of the city’s homicides and shootings are drug and gang related. This would suggest that gang violence is responsible for 300 or more deaths and several thousands of aggravated batteries per year in the city alone† (Drugs, Gangs, and Crime: Urban Violence and the War on Drugs).     The data from other sources also proves correlation between gang wars and drugs.   Specialists state that drug use is one of risk factors of joining gangs. The Rochester Youth Survey names negative life events, making friends with gang members and drugs as main risk factors of possible gang membership (Thornberry 174).   Similar results were achieved by the Seattle Social Development Project.   According to their report risk factors include bad study results, inclination to drugs, demonstrative behavior and â€Å"bad† friends (Thornberry 174). In contrast, good socialization, conventional surrounding and strong personal system of beliefs minimize risk of joining the gang.   Th ese facts prove strong correlation between drug dealers and victims of the gang wars. National surveys also prove influence of drugs trade on the gang wars. The National Drug Intelligence Center reports that â€Å"gangs (including street gangs, prison gangs, and outlaw motorcycle gangs) are the primary retail distributors of drugs in the country† (NDIC 2005). These facts prove close correlation between drugs and gang wars. Gang members control drug distribution and a lot of cases of homicide are connected with so called â€Å"drug wars†.   Criminal authorities turn to violence when they share the fields of drug distribution.   The National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations also gives facts that prove drugs to be one of the reasons of the gang wars. The research made by these associations contains data from 455 agencies and most of them prove information about the close connection between drug dealing network, gang wars and victims of these wars (NAGIA 200 5).Since drug distribution has such great influence on gang wars and criminal levels, it would be logical to look for the ways out in order to resolve this problem. Unfortunately, the level of homicide and constant gang wars show that state policies are not very effective at the present moment. Despite the enormous effort put in, the attempts to resolve this problem is ineffective.   Gardner states that law enforcement does not give expected results. Moreover, statistic states that enforcement results in the increase of the homicide. Prohibition has negative effect on the level of violence. Trying to fight with the results of the problem we cannot solve it. In order to influence the problem of gang crimes we should try to influence its roots. As proved earlier, drugs are among the essential components of the gang violence. As states Gardner: â€Å"Wipe out the drug trade and the violence goes with it† (Gardner   235). This effective method also seems to be unachievable at the present moment. In order to understand the situation better we must get a better understanding of the drug dealing system and drug addiction. As states Gardner, drug dealing network will not disappear even if the police throws all drug dealers to prison. The problem is not in drug dealers but in people who consume drugs. They create a demand and in response drug traders sell drugs to satisfy it. So, the problem lies on the deeper level than ordinary drug network. It deals with people who create the demand for drugs and, thus, influence drug distribution.   That is the reason old methods to fight gang crimes are not effective.   Politicians have to change the entire approach to the problem, otherwise the problem will not be solved. As Gardner points out: â€Å"Of course politicians don’t like to admit they aren’t omnipotent. And they really don’t want to say unpopular things in public, particularly during an election. And so both the Liberals and the Co nservatives have promised to deal with gang crime by, yet again, increasing law enforcement and boosting sentences. This will fail† (Gardner 235). The problems of gang crimes and drug dealing need new approaches but in order to solve them it is necessary to know the nature of drug addiction.The problem of drug addiction is complex and multi-dimensioned. Despite the great effort put into the study of the problem of drug addiction there is no one defined explanation of its nature. Science and medicine fail, when the subject comes to addiction.   Ã‚  Medicine cannot give definite answer concerning the nature of drug addiction.   Different policies aiming to reduce drug use have rather political than medial or scientific background. These policies are aimed to show to the society that government puts effort in order to resolve this problem, but in reality effectiveness of such programs is very low and we can notice it by studying the rates of drug addiction. Psychology profess or Bruce Alexander made a series of experiments, exploring the nature of drug addiction and came to unexpected and innovative conclusions. He   proves that the surrounding and conditions of life have major impact on the nature of   addiction. During his famous experiment Alexander placed addicted rats into two surroundings. One surrounding of usual cages and another contained real paradise for rats – complex structure with plenty of space for life and entertainment. The results of the experiment became unexpected. Rats which dwelled in very good conditions soon left their addiction and turned to normal life. He states that scientists and medical workers who look for the   reasons of drug addiction cannot find the right answer because we should look for it in sociology. As he states: â€Å"Addiction is neither a disease nor a moral failure, but a narrowly focused lifestyle with an intensity that partially compensates for a lack of adequate psychosocial integration. The function of addiction to drugs is no different from the function of addiction to any other habit or pursuit†   (Alexander 125). Alexander speaks about problems of the contemporary society which deprived people of their roots, of their usual way of life and meaning of life in general. Alexander gives social and economical reasons for these changes. He states that we cannot fight the problem of drug addiction until we solve social problems.   Money spent to fight the crimes connected with drugs or caused by their use could have brought more use if spent on different social problems. People use drugs not because they have such born characteristics. They turn to drugs because they are unhappy and lack sense in their lives. Social status and material factors also contribute to possible reasons of drug addiction. That is why authorities should pay attention to the level of life of the most unprotected social layers as one of the ways to deal with the drug problem.Jason Ziedenber g’s research on the gang crime Ganging up on communities? Putting gang crime in context also underlines the correlation between the activity of different gangs and the level of life.   According to his research gang crime does not happen everywhere. There are certain areas where the rates of gang crime are higher. After research it was found out that gang crime is higher in the poorer regions. This proves the idea that gang crime is connected with the income level and employment. Similar conclusions can   be found in Kyriacou’s study of relationship between socioeconomic factors and gang violence in Los Angeles. According to the research results, â€Å"the strongest correlations with gang violence were employment and income† (Kyriacou et al 346). The correlation between gang crime, drug addiction and level of life is evident.   It is impossible to solve the problem of drug addiction and, thus, reduce crime rates until social are solved. If authorities and politicians take these facts into consideration we will get an opportunity to approach the solution of the problem of the gang crime.

Evaluating You and Your Business Idea a Book by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren

Evaluating You and Your Business Idea a Book by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren The paper is aimed at examining the chapter Evaluating You and Your Business Idea from the textbook written by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren. These authors pay attention to the process of goal setting, and they offer some valuable recommendations to future entrepreneurs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Evaluating You and Your Business Idea† a Book by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, these researchers believe that an individual should identify personal and economic objectives that should be attained (Covello and Hazelgren 13). In other words, it is necessary to examine the financial objectives that should be achieved by the enterprise. Moreover, it is vital to quantify these economic objectives (Covello and Hazelgren 13). Furthermore, a person should explain why he/she wants to work in a specific area of business. Moreover, it is vital to explain how t his particular choice can help a person fulfill his/her talents or ambitions. To some degree, these goals included in this plan are consistent with the recommendations offered by these authors. In particular, this plan includes clear economic objectives that are quantified. However, it is necessary to pay more attention to personal objectives because they are not clearly identified. This is one of the drawbacks that can be singled out. Additionally, it is important to discuss the distinction between short and long-term objectives. This distinction is important for the successful implementation of business plans. In this way, one can better develop the strategies for the development of a business (Covello and Hazelgren 13). Furthermore, this knowledge can help a person see the relations between different steps that will be taken in the future (Covello and Hazelgren 13). The given plan includes some of the goals that will be attained in the near future. Moreover, it is critical to sin gle out the resources that should be accumulated. For instance, the author of this plan discusses the need to accumulate start-up capital. Apart from that, this plan includes some long-term objectives. In particular, the writer mentions the intention to open new shops within the next four years. Furthermore, Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren believe that it is necessary to set the timelines for the implementation of the goals (15). However, these researchers also note that in many cases, such timelines cannot be rigidly fixed. Moreover, by focusing only on timelines, a person can make flawed business decisions. This is one of the pitfalls that should be avoided. To a great extent, the plan, which is analyzed, is compatible with the suggestions offered by the authors of this chapter. Nevertheless, there are some limitations of this plan, and they should not be overlooked. For instance, this document does not clearly show how this venture can gain the loyalty of clients. It is not ev ident why they will choose the services of this particular cafà ©. In turn, this issue is examined by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren who believe that entrepreneurs should differentiate the venture among other companies. This is one of the issues that should be taken into account.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the whole, the discussion suggests when starting up a business venture, a person should clearly explain the steps that will be taken to attain business goals. Moreover, one should clearly identify the resources that will be needed. The elements of this plan are compatible with the recommendations offered by scholars. Nevertheless, the author does not show why the future venture will be remain competitive. These are the main arguments that can be advanced. Covello, Joseph, and Brian Hazelgren. â€Å"Evaluating You and Your Business Idea.† Comp lete Book of Business Plans: Simple Steps to Writing Powerful Business Plans. Ed. Joseph Covello and David Carpenter. New York, NY: Sourcebooks, Inc, 2006. Print.

Advocates of the American Constitution Essay Example for Free

Advocates of the American Constitution Essay ? Obtained a strategic advantage over those who opposed it by taking up the name Federalist for themselves and by identifying the adversaries Anti-Federalists. Federalists supported state rule and disagreed with a central national government. By holding the title Federalist, Hamilton and other authors got an additional advantage for their position and got around an extreme conflict over the issue of state versus national power. They emerged as advocates of states’ rights and this idea was clearly explained in The Federalist Papers, yet they were also evidently advocating for a strong national government. The essays were signed â€Å"Publius† after Publius Valerius who was the state builder and who rebuild the Roman republic following the removing from power Rome’s last king called Tarquin. Plutarch measured Publius favorably against Solon who was Greece’s law giver. And at that instant a modern Publius would have helped erect the new American republic. By opting for a name like Publius, the authors of the Federalist were following a practice which was common among the eighteenth-century writers. The writers used to publish a combined work under a fictitious name instead of a byline. If Hamilton, Madison, and Jay had revealed their identity in The Federalist Papers then they would have been known as advocates of specific positions instead of being recognized by their arguments, and also this would have become a part of the argument over the Constitution. Further more; choosing secrecy was also because of the enmity between Hamilton and George Clinton the New York Governor. Interestingly Hamilton was the single New York ambassador who signed the Constitution. On the contrary, Clinton was an Anti-Federalist who was heading a state where people opposing the new Constitution were in majority. Therefore, opting for Publius was somewhat an effort to shift the discussion away from the personal bitterness between Hamilton and Clinton. As the need of unification has been signified, and the Articles of Confederation had arrears, it was explained by the Publius that a strong republican government was shaped by the Constitution, yet checks and balances controlled it. This type of government, which was strong and had checks, would maintain freedom and assets, and bring back respect for America overseas. Although an un-amended Constitution was opposed by two thirds of the nominated representatives at the New York conventions, the provision of other political writers was done by the Publius. At the same time as replying to explicit Anti-federalist arguments, The Federalist presented an integrated theory of the philosophies upon which the new Constitution was based. History, experience, and reason were the bases of this philosophical foundation, and the long existence of the republican government was verified by this foundation in relation with the examples of failed governments in the past, which were unable to survive. Countering the belief, which is often ascribed to Montesquieu, that republics could stay alive only in small areas taken by identical inhabitants, Madison in The Federalist no. 10 argued that republics could flourish best in large areas where different groups constantly competed with each other. During the constant struggles of these groups the independence of both majorities and minorities would be preserved. This republic would provide better leadership by expanding the group of qualified persons from which delegates would be selected. The Federalist no. 10 by Madison, as mentioned before, was very influential in U. S. political history and philosophy. The separation of the three branches of the federal government had to be done, as the role of a check upon the other was played by each branch in the government Although these three branches were not completely separate the practicality of each division was assured by assigning it enough power to protect itself against the actions of the other division. Furthermore, if any branch exceeded its role as defined in the Constitution then the other branches could proceed by checking on the misuse of power. Moreover, it was also stated by the Publius that freedom was protected by the new Constitution by the provision of power to the central, as well as, state governments. Specific areas of power and simultaneous powers were determined by this new federalism. It was mentioned by the Publius that a central government with restricted powers was created by the Constitution. In this regard, identification of the Congress’s, as well as, President’s powers was also done. The people and the states were left with all the remaining powers completely. If the legislative body dishonored their power and authority bestowed on them then the people could substitute them during the regular elections ensured by the Constitution. On the other hand, if the President or the judiciary breached the confidence of the people, Congress could prosecute them and if convicted Congress could remove them from their designation and from their office. The debate that was going on was based on vocabulary that is circling around the gist of the thoughts constitutive of republican dialogue. They are liberty, tyranny, virtue, corruption, representation, and even republic. It has been said before, along with rationalizations, that the new created American republic was the combined efforts of Federalists and Anti-federalists. A new political system was created not by ordains of a single lawmaker but instead was fought to bring it to life and was constructed jointly by having a powerful discussion between supporters of different political affiliations and theoretical standpoints. â€Å"The ratification debate produced an enormous outpouring of newspaper articles, pamphlets, sermons, and tracts, both for and against the new design. Of the former The Federalist is by far the most famous and certainly the most widely read in our day. The Anti-federalist case against the Constitution, by contrast, is today rarely read or even remembered. Once described (and dismissed) as mere nay-Sayers and men of little faith, the Anti-federalists are now more often regarded as the other founders. † Advocates of the American Constitution. (2017, May 24).